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OBJECTIVE To investigate the eff ects of different habitat processing methods on the quality of Cyperus rotundus ， such as sun-drying after steaming ，sun-drying after boiling and direct sun-drying ，and to investigate the optimal habitat processing method of C. rotundus from the perspective of chemical component. METHODS The fingerprint of C. rotundus was established by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）combined with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）. The similarity evaluation was conducted to determine the common peak. Cluster analysis （CA）combined with principal component analysis （PCA）and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）was used to differentiate and compare C. rotundus treated by different habitat processing methods. And the contents of cyperrenone ，α-cyperone，luteolin and ferulic acid in C. rotundus were determined by HPLC. RESULTS There were 22 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of C. rotundus reated by different habitat processing methods ；their similarities were higher than 0.9；common peak 16 and common peak 20 were cyperrenone and α-cyperone. CA results showed that C. rotundus boiled for 4，8 and 12 min were clustered into one category，the rest of the samples clustered into one category. PCA results showed that comprehensive score of C. rotundus steamed for 10 and 15 min and boiled for 2 min were the highest. The steaming treatment had small effect on comprehensive score of samples，while the boiling treatment had a great effect on the quality of the samples ；the overall score of samples decreased sharply after boiling for 2 min. Results of PLS-DA showed that variable importance projection （VIP）of peak 20（α-cyperone），peak 16 （cyperrenone），peak 22，peak 17 and peak 22 in HPLC fingerprints were all higher than 1. The results of content determination showed that there was significant difference in the contents of α-cyperone，cyperrenone and luteolin in samples treated by different habitat processing methods.With the increase of steaming and boiling time ，the contents of α-cyperone，cyperrenone and luteolin showed a significant downward trend ，and boiling had a great impact on them. CONCLUSIONS Too long boiling treatment greatly；2019 destroys the chemical composition of C. rotundus ， andsteaming for 10，15 min or boiling for 2 min is the optimal processing method.
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OBJECTIVE To compare t he diff erences of the fingerprint and in vitro antioxidant activity between decoction pieces of Polygonum cuspidatum by integrated technology of habitat processing and processing （short for IPDP ）and traditional processing decoction pieces （short for TPDP ）. METHODS Ten batches of IPDP and ten batches of TPDP were prepared by integrated technology and traditional technology ，respectively. HPLC method was used to establish and compare the fingerprints of IPDP and TPDP. The scavenging rates of DPPH free radical ，ABTS free radical ，superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical and reducing activity of Fe 3+ were detected for IPDP and TPDP. In vitro antioxidant activities were compared between IPDP and TPDP. RESULTS There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprints of IPDP and TPDP ，among which 17 came from IPDP and 13 came from TPDP. The peak heights of peak 6（polydatin）and peak 15（emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside）in IPDP were significantly higher than those in the TPDP ，and the peak heights of peak 13（resveratrol），peak 17（emodin）and peak 19（physcion）in the TPDP were significantly higher than those in the IPDP. The results of in vitro antioxidant test showed that IPDP and TPDP had a certain scavenging capacity on DPPH free radical ，ABTS free radical ，superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radicals ，and also had a certain reducing capacity on Fe 3+. CONCLUSIONS The integrated processing technology of P. cuspidatum has a good retention effect on the glycosides in P. cuspidatum ，and the in vitro antioxidant activity of IPDP is stronger than that of TPDP.
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OBJECTIVE: Pseudostellaria Radix, due to its sketchy description and individual difference during the odor evaluation, fails to come to researchers' attention. To analyze the odor of the Pseudostellaria Radix samples from different habitat processing methods and areas, and apply electronic nose technology to creating a new method for the determination of Pseudostellaria Radix. METHODS: According to the response values obtained by using electronic nose technology, two multivariate statistical methods to the data to distinguish the samples collected from different areas and habitat processing methods were applied. From the aspect of response values, the sunned Pseudostellaria Radix after boiling get lower values than the sunned ones, while the values of the samples from different producing origins vary very slightly. RESULTS: The results of the multivariate statistical methods show that principal component analysis (PCA) can differ the sunned samples from the sunned ones after boiling. With regard to the sunned ones after boiling, there is no significant difference among the three boiling time groups from 30 s to 120 s. While the two discrimination models constructed during the discriminant factor analysis (DFA) have respectively favorable identification ability in habitat processing methods and producing areas. CONCLUSION: The electronic nose technology can be used to express the odor of Pseudostellaria Radix, and in combination with multivariate statistical methods, it can differentiate Pseudostellaria Radix from different areas and habitat processing methods.
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To investigate the effects of different habitat processing methods of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats. In this experiment, the tail vein injection of pituitrin was used to induce acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Electrocardiograph(ECG) heart rate and ΔST changes were recorded, and the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum of rats were detected to comprehensively evaluate the effects of six processing methods of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on serum biochemical indexes of rats with acute myocardial injury. The ECG results showed that the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma dried in a drying oven had a good effect on the improvement of heart rate and ΔST of electrocardiogram after ischemia, and all the other groups had some protective effects to different degrees. The results of biochemical indexes in serum of each group after ischemia showed that the activity of CK-MB decreased most significantly in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma high-dose group with drying in a drying oven after sweating and losing weight in a drying oven, high-dose group with drying in the shade and low-dose group with drying in the shade. The activity of LDH decreased most significantly in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma high-dose group with drying in the shade and low-dose group of drying in the shade. The activity of SOD increased most significantly in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma low-dose group with drying in sun, low-dose group with drying in sun after sweating and losing weight in sun, and low-dose group with drying in a drying oven. The activity of MDA decreased most significantly in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma low-dose group with drying in sun. The comprehensive scoring results showed that the highest score was obtained in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma high-dose group with drying in the shade while the scores of other treatment groups were higher than that of the model group. It could be seen that the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma dried in a drying oven had a good improvement effect on electrocardiograph indexes after acute myocardial injury, the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma dried in the shade had a good improvement effect on serum myocardial enzymes after acute myocardial injury, and the other processing methods had a certain protective effect on myocardial injury. The six processing methods evaluated by pharmacodynamics showed that the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma dried in the shade and dried in a drying oven had good efficacy.
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Animals , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Ecosystem , Myocardial Ischemia , Rhizome , Salvia miltiorrhizaABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the anti-dysmenorrhea efficacy of habitat fresh-cut processed and traditional processed Linderae Radix based on the dysmenorrhea model. Methods By using the estrogen-induced dysmenorrhea model of ICR mice, the effect of treatment from two different processing methods on dysmenorrhea was compared by recording the writhing reaction as well as the changes of levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), vasopressin (AVP), and β-endorphin (β-EP). Results Compared with the model group, Linderae Radix from two different processing methods significantly reduced the frequency of writhing (P 0.05). Conclusion The two processing methods of Linderae Radix both have good therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea model mice, and the effect of habitat processed Linderae Radix is not inferior to that of traditional processed Linderae Radix.
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The integration of the habitat processing and the processing of Chinese herbal medicine is an effective way to ensure the quality of Chinese medicine decoction pieces. This paper analyzes the historical origins, generation and practice, and modern research results of “integration”. It is believed that “integration” is a historical inevitable trend of industry development, and it can effectively solve the problems of the confusion in habitat processing and the difficulty in ensuring the quality of the pieces. It has the positive meaning of being able to clarify product attributes and regulate the management of pieces, abandon the repeated links and simultaneously improve the quality of the pieces and the benefits of the enterprise, and change the status of scattered processing of Chinese herbal medicines in the field, ensure the cleanliness of the production environment and comprehensively improve mechanized production. From the current research results, “integration” can simplify the processing technology, retain more active ingredients and improve the efficacy of drugs, but some Chinese herbal medicines are not suitable for integration. It is suggested to further strengthen the basic research of the integrated decoction pieces in the future, further improve the standardization system of integrated decoction pieces, carry out top-level design of “integration” and cooperate with each other to ensure the healthy and orderly development of “integration”.
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Objective: To compare the anti-inflammatory effect of Fraxini Cortex pieces between integrated production process and traditional processing method. Methods: The model of rat paw swelling induced by carrageenan was used to study the anti-inflammatory and swelling reliving effects of water extracts of Cortex Fraxini with different methods. The main chemical components of the 2 kinds of Cortex Fraxini herbal pieces were determined by high performance liquid phase. Results: Compared with the blank group, the water extracts of the 2 kinds of Cortex Fraxini could reduce the swelling of the rats and improve the various indicators of inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory and swelling reliving effects of the integrated processing of Cortex Fraxini were more significant. The contents of 4 main active ingredients of esculine, fraxin, aesculetin and fraxetin in the integrated processing of Cortex Fraxini were higher than that of the traditionally processed Cortex Fraxini. The total amount of 4 kinds of coumarins in the integrated Cortex Fraxini was about 1.5 times that of the traditionally processed water extract of Cortex Fraxini. Conclusion: The integrated processing and traditional processing of Cortex Fraxini have similar effects on anti-inflammatory effects, and have the superiority of reducing the loss of active ingredients, which is worthy of popularization and application.
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The habitat processing and the processing of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) are the two closely linked to the link in Chinese traditional medicine industrial chain. This paper analyzes the internal relationship among the three aspects in the historical evolution from the historical origin, the professional differentiation, and the development; The research status of the five aspects, such as the integration from their industry definition background, proposal, significance, and current progress of the integration of the habitat processing and the processing of CHM. It is believed that the integration accords with the development trend of history, which is a good way to solve the problem of the quality of Chinese materia medica. Suggestion is given that we should pay more attention to the basic research, in-depth the industry research, the promotion of the industry legislation, and through the supervision of the industry, to the ensurence of the healthy and orderly development of the integration.
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Objective: In this study, the feasibility of hot air-microwave combination drying method for processing Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) was investigated and evaluated. Methods: Hot air temperature, drying time, microwave electric current, and microwave time were taken into consideration. The combined drying method was optimized based on the standards of ASR documented in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 version). After that, microorganisms, heavy metals, harmful elements, and active ingredients (ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, E-ligustilide, Z-ligustilide, n-butylidenephthalide, riligustilide, and levistilide A) were detected to evaluate the quality of processed samples. Results: The optimal method was that samples were dried in hot air (70℃) for 20 h, then heated in microwave (100 mA) for 6 min. The number of microorganisms in processed samples equaled to sulfur-fumigated samples; Heavy metals and harmful elements were qualified after this processing; The new drying method for processing ASR had no significant effect on the active ingredient. Conclusion: After this process, the physical and chemical indicators of ASR are in line with the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This hot air-microwave combination drying method should be a fast drying method for post-harvest handling of ASR.
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Recently, there are many prominent problems about the quality ofIndigo Naturalis. To explore the underlying reasons, both ancient and modern herbal literatures were reviewed. Through the organization of recordings onIndigo Naturalis, the traditional process method required soaking and fermentation, stiring and depositing, foaming and shade drying. The currently usedIndigo Naturalis was mostly isolated and purified from crude deposit -“Cu-Dian.” The modern process technique ofIndigo Naturalis was gradually deviated from the traditional processing method. This paper also discussed the quality standards ofIndigo Naturalis. The author considered that the current standard on descriptions ofIndigo Naturalis characteristics was deviated from the traditional morphological features ofIndigo Naturalis, which should be further researched and verified. Therefore, this study provided certain references for the quality control and market supervision ofIndigo Naturalis.